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Scientists Explain Why Taxing Mental Work Wears You Out_我的网站

一 |     A team of scientists has discovered a likely explanation for why one may feel exhausted after engaging in intense cognitive work.,In their study, published in the Current Biology last week, the researchers argue that intense cognitive work, when it lasts for several hours, results in the buildup of potentially toxic byproducts in the prefrontal cortex part of the human brain, which then affects a person’s behavior.,“Influential theories suggested that fatigue is a sort of illusion cooked up by the brain to make us stop whatever we are doing and turn to a more gratifying activity,” Mathias Pessiglione of Pitié-Salpêtrière University in Paris, said as quoted in a news release by Cell Press. “But our findings show that cognitive work results in a true functional alteration—accumulation of noxious substances—so fatigue would indeed be a signal that makes us stop working but for a different purpose: to preserve the integrity of brain functioning.”,During the course of their research, the team employed magnetic resonance spectroscopy to monitor the brain chemistry of two groups of people during a workday, with one group performing easy cognitive tasks while the other engaged in more complex mental activities.,Only the latter group ended up exhibiting signs of fatigue, as well as a tendency to favor “options proposing rewards at short delay with little effort,” as the news release put it.,AmericasChild Survives After 7 Minutes Without Blood Flow to Brain During Surgery, US Cardiologist Reveals11 August, 16:41 GMT,Furthermore, members of that group had higher levels of glutamate in the synapses of the prefrontal cortex, leading the researchers to suggest that the accumulation of glutamate “makes further activation of the prefrontal cortex more costly,” and thus a mentally exhaustive workday makes cognitive control more difficult.,Unfortunately, there seems to be no fancy way to deal with this problem other than the tried and tested method that is probably as old as history itself.,“I would employ good old recipes: rest and sleep!” Pessiglione remarked. “There is good evidence that glutamate is eliminated from synapses during sleep.”。

二 |     MOSCOW -- The lower house of Russia's parliament on Wednesday gave its final approval to a bill revoking the ratification of a global nuclear test ban treaty, a move Moscow described as putting it on par with the United States.The State Duma lawmakers voted unanimously to revoke the ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in the third and final reading on Wednesday. The bill will now go to the upper house, the Federation Council, which will consider it next week. Federation Council lawmakers have already said they will support the bill. The legislation was introduced to parliament following a statement from Russian President Vladimir Putin, who warned earlier this month that Moscow could revoke its 2000 decision to ratify the treaty to “mirror” the stand taken by the United States, which has signed but not ratified the nuclear test ban.The treaty, adopted in 1996, bans all nuclear explosions anywhere in the world, although it has never fully entered into force. In addition to the U.S., it is yet to be ratified by China, India, Pakistan, North Korea, Israel, Iran and Egypt.There are widespread concerns that Russia could resume nuclear tests to try to discourage the West from offering military support to Ukraine. Many Russian hawks have spoken in favor of a resumption.Putin has said that while some experts have talked about the need to conduct nuclear tests, he hasn’t yet formed an opinion on the issue.Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov said last week that Moscow will continue to respect the ban and will only resume nuclear tests if Washington does so first.。

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